MAKE CLEAN New Testament Verb: καθαρίζω (katharizō), GK 2751 (S 2511)

Clean

New Testament

Adjective: καθαρός (katharos), GK 2754 (S 2513), 27×. Similar to the verb katharizō (see cleanse), katharos (“clean, pure”) conveys three different senses. First, in a natural or material sense, katharos describes something as being free from that which defiles: a clean cup (Mt 23:26), clean linen (Mt 27:59; Rev 15:6), clean water (Heb 10:22), pure gold (Rev 21:18). A person who has bathed is said to be “clean all over” (Jn 13:10).

Second, katharos relates to traditional ceremonial distinctions between clean and unclean, pure and defiled. Paul uses katharos in this sense when he declares that “all food is clean” (Rom 14:20). Here he certainly does not mean that all food is free from physical dirt, but that all foods are ceremonially clean and thus are able to be eaten.

Third, closely connected to the previous notion of ritual purity, katharos can refer to an individual who is free from moral guilt. In this sense one is “morally pure.” Jesus washes his disciples’ feet demonstrating how they are now in fact morally clean (Jn 13:10, 11) through the words that he has spoken to them (Jn 15:3). Jesus announces that the morally pure in heart will see God (Mt 5:8). Furthermore, Paul professes his moral integrity: “I am innocent (katharos) of the blood of all men” (Acts 20:26; see also 18:6). Similarly, the notion of moral uprightness may be expressed by relating “purity” as a characteristic of the heart (1 Tim. 1:5; 2 Tim. 2:22; 1 Pet. 1:22) and the conscience (1 Tim. 3:9; 2 Tim. 1:3). See NIDNTT-A, 278–279.

GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbers (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

S Strong’s number (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

NIDNTT-A New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology: Abridged Edition

William D. Mounce, Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006), 113.

 

MAKE CLEAN New Testament Verb: καθαρίζω (katharizō), GK 2751 (S 2511), 31×. In the NT katharizō (“make clean, cleanse”) takes on three distinct nuances. First, the term can refer in a general sense to making something physically clean. Second, it can denote healing, especially from leprosy. Finally, it can refer to purification through ritual cleansing; this last meaning can also take on the sense of moral cleaning. See cleanse. GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbers (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman) S Strong’s number (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman) NT New Testament 

 William D. Mounce, Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006), 

 433.κᾰθερῐ́ζω (katherízō) Etymology From κᾰθᾰρός (katharós, “clean, pure”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō). Pronunciation IPA(key): /ka.tʰa.ríz.dɔː/ → /ka.θaˈri.zo/ → /ka.θaˈri.zo/ Verb κᾰθᾰρῐ́ζω • (katharízō) to clean, cleanse, purge, purify Inflection Present: κᾰθᾰρῐ́ζω, κᾰθᾰρῐ́ζομαι Imperfect: ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρῐζον, ἐκᾰθᾰρῐζόμην Future: κᾰθᾰρῐέω, κᾰθᾰρῐέομαι, κᾰθᾰρῐσθήσομαι (Uncontracted) Future: κᾰθᾰρῐῶ, κᾰθᾰρῐοῦμαι, κᾰθᾰρῐσθήσομαι (Contracted) Aorist: ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρῐσᾰ, ἐκᾰθᾰρῐσᾰ́μην, ἐκᾰθᾰρῐ́σθην Perfect: κεκᾰθᾰ́ρῐκᾰ, κεκᾰθᾰ́ρῐσμαι Pluperfect: ἐκεκᾰθᾰρῐ́κειν, ἐκεκᾰθᾰρῐ́σμην Synonyms κᾰθαίρω (kathaírō) Derived terms ἀποκαθαρίζω (apokatharízō) διακαθαρίζω (diakatharízō) ἐκκαθαρίζω (ekkatharízō) περικαθαρίζω (perikatharízō) Related terms καθάρσις (kathársis) Descendants Greek: καθαρίζω (katharízo) Mariupol Greek: катъари́зу (kaθarízu) References “καθαρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press “καθαρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers καθαρίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press G2511 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible καθαρίζω - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago. Greek Pronunciation IPA(key): /ka.θaˈɾi.zo/ Verb καθαρίζω • (katharízo) (past καθάρισα, passive καθαρίζομαι) clean, wash peel, descale (slang) kill Conjugation καθαρίζω   καθαρίζομαι Related terms see: καθαρός (katharós, “clean, pure”) Further reading καθαρίζω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation. Categories: Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ίζωAncient Greek 4-syllable wordsAncient Greek terms with IPA pronunciationAncient Greek lemmasAncient Greek verbsAncient Greek paroxytone termsGreek terms with IPA pronunciationGreek lemmasGreek verbsGreek slangGreek verbs conjugating like 'ορίζω'

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B6%CF%89

 

καθαρός, ά, όν (s. καθαρίζω; Hom.+)

① pert. to being clean or free of adulterating matter, clean, pure, of a cup Mt 23:26. σινδών clean linen (PGM 4, 1861; 2189; 3095; 5, 217) Mt 27:59. λίνον καθαρὸν λαμπρόν (v.l. λίθον; on this Philo, Mos. 2, 72) Rv 15:6. βύσσινον λαμπρὸν κ. 19:8; cp. vs. 14; ὠμόλινον κ. Hs 8, 4, 1. ὕδωρ pure, clean water (Eur., Hipp. 209; SIG 972, 169; PGM 4, 3252; Ezk 36:25; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 58; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 17; 40 P.) Hb 10:22. Of metals (Hdt. 4, 166; Aristot., Meteor. 383b, 1; Theocr. 15, 36 ἀργύριον; Plut., Alex. 684 [32, 9] ἄργυρος; Sb 4481, 13 σίδηρος) χρυσίον κ. pure gold (Diod S 3, 14, 4; Ex 25:31; 2 Ch 3:5) Rv 21:18a, 21; ὕαλος κ. clear crystal vs. 18b. In the fig. lang. of Ignatius, referring to martyrdom, we have the concept κ. ἄρτος (Hdt. 2, 40; Teles p. 40, 11; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 76 al.; Jur. Pap. 36, 29; POxy 736, 26) pure (wheat) bread, without admixture IRo 4:1. κ. φῶς pure light IRo 6:2.—ὁ λελουμένος ἐστὶν καθαρὸς ὅλος a person who has bathed is clean all over J 13:10a.

② pert. to being cultically/ceremonially pure, ritually pure (ins; PGM 4, 3084; 3085; LXX; Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; Did., Gen. 177, 13) of the temple τὸ ἱερὸν … καθαρόν Ox 840, 17f. πάντα καθαρά everything is ritually pure, hence fit for use Ro 14:20; Tit 1:15ac.

③ pert. to being free from moral guilt, pure, free fr. sin (Pind., P. 5, 2; Pla., Rep. 6 p. 496d καθαρὸς ἀδικίας τε καὶ ἀνοσίων ἔργων, Crat. 403e; 405b al.; LXX; PsSol 17:36; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; TestBenj 8:2f; ἔχειν κ. ψυχήν Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 22]).

ⓐ of a pers. as entity οἱ καθαροί Tit 1:15b; cp. J 13:10b, 11; 15:3. Christendom is Christ’s λαὸς κ. Hs 9, 18, 4. οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ (Ps 23:4) Mt 5:8; cp. PEg3 45 (τῇ καρδίᾳ restored), 47f (καρδίας restored). καθαρὸς τῇ συνειδήσει ITr 7:2b; guiltless Ac 18:6. καθαρά εἰμι ἐγὼ καὶ ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω I am guiltless and still a virgin GJs 13:3. ἀπό τινος free from (Ps.-Demosth. 59, 78; Cass. Dio 37, 24, 2. Exx. fr. pap and ins in Dssm., NB 24 [BS 196]; PGM 13, 648; 1004; Gen 24:8; Pr 20:9; Tob 3:14; PsSol 17:36; Jos., Ant. 4, 222; Ath. 12, 3; ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας Orig., C. Cels. 7, 50, 6) ἀπὸ τ. αἵματος (Sus 46 Theod.) Ac 20:26. ἀπὸ ῥύπου 1 Cl 17:4 (Job 14:4). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I am without guilt as respects her GJs 15:4. Before God ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 15:3.—Also of the Holy Spirit Hm 5, 1, 2, imagery of brightness.

ⓑ of things related to a pers. as a morally or spiritually responsible being κ. καρδία (Lucian, Nigr. 14 κ. ἦθος; Simplicius in Epict. p. 93, 49 ζωὴ κ.; Gen 20:5; Ps 50:12; cp. κ. ψυχή: Pythagoras in Diog. L. 8, 31; Diod S 12, 20, 2; 13, 29, 6; πνεῦμα κ. Ath. 27:1) 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22; B 15:1; 1 Cl 18:10; Hv 3, 9, 8; σάρξ Hs 5, 7, 1; κ. συνείδησις (POslo 17, 10 [136 A.D.]) 1 Ti 3:9; 2 Ti 1:3; 1 Cl 45:7 (cp. κ. συνειδός: Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 203, Praem. 84); θρησκεία κ. Js 1:27. χεῖρες καθαραί (Aeschyl., Eum. 313, also Plut., Pericl. 8, 8; SIG 983, 5; Job 9:30; 22:30; Philo, Virt. 57; Jos., Bell. 5, 380, Ant. 4, 222; Just., D. 12, 3) B 15:1. μετάνοια κ. Hm 2:7; 12, 3, 2. διάνοια 1 Cl 21:8; Hs 4:7. αφ.11.6.14. m 5, 1, 3. ἔντευξιν 10, 3, 3.

④ pert. to being pure ritually and morally, pure, ritual and moral purity merge (Simplicius in Epict. p. 111, 18) Lk 11:41. After a confession of sins καθαρὰ ἡ θυσία ὑμῶν D 14:1, 3. ὁ ἐντὸς θυσιαστηρίου ὢν καθαρός ἐστιν ITr 7:2a.—TWächter, Reinheitsvorschriften im griech. Kult 1910; FPfister, Katharsis.—M-M. Pauly-W. Suppl. IV ’35, 146ff.—DELG. EDNT. TW.

Hom Hom , VIII B.C.—List 5

pert. pert. = pertaining (to)

PGM PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae—List 4

v.l. v.l. = varia lectio (variant reading)

Philo Philo = P. of Alexandria, I B.C.–I A.D.—List 5

cp. cp. = compare, freq. in ref. to citation fr. ancient texts

Hs Hs = Similitudes

Eur Eur , V B.C.—List 5

SIG SIG = Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum3; superscript omitted in text—List 3

PGM PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae—List 4

Philo Philo = P. of Alexandria, I B.C.–I A.D.—List 5

Mel. Mel. = Melito of Sardis, II A.D.—List 5

Fgm. Fgm. = fragment, fragmentary

Hdt. Hdt. = Herodotus, V B.C.—List 5

Aristot Aristot , various works, IV B.C.—List 5

Theocr Theocr , IV–III B.C.—List 5

Plut Plut , I–II A.D.—List 5

Sb Sb = Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten—Lists 3, 4

Diod S Diod S , I B.C.—List 5

Hdt. Hdt. = Herodotus, V B.C.—List 5

Teles Teles , III B.C.—List 5

Dio Chrys Dio Chrys , I–II A.D.—List 5

al. al. =alibi (elsewhere), aliter (otherwise), alii (others)

POxy POxy = Oxyrhynchus Papyri—List 4

IRo IRo = Ignatius to the Romans—List 1

IRo IRo = Ignatius to the Romans—List 1

pert. pert. = pertaining (to)

ins Ins, ins = Inscription, Inschrift, inscription(s). Without a period, esp. in lists, as at the beginning of entries; the capitalized form is used in titles. In conjunction with literary works this abbr. refers to the title or description of contents.

PGM PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae—List 4

LXX LXX = Septuaginta, ed. ARahlfs, unless otherwise specified—Lists 2, beg.

Iren. Iren. = Irenaeus, Haereses, II A.D.—List 5

Harv. Harv. = WHarvey; s. Iren.—List 5

Did. Did. = Didymus Caecus (the Blind), commentator on OT books, IV A.D.—List 5

Ox Ox = POxy, but refers to fragments of documents esp. relating to the lexical data base—List 1

pert. pert. = pertaining (to)

fr. fr. = from

Pind Pind , V B.C.—List 5

Pla Pla , V–IV B.C.; s. also Ps.-Plato—List 5

al. al. =alibi (elsewhere), aliter (otherwise), alii (others)

LXX LXX = Septuaginta, ed. ARahlfs, unless otherwise specified—Lists 2, beg.

PsSol PsSol = Psalms of Solomon—List 2

EpArist EpArist = Epistle of Aristeas, II B.C.—List 5

Philo Philo = P. of Alexandria, I B.C.–I A.D.—List 5

Joseph Joseph  This abbr. used when no specific texts are cited (s. Jos.); I A.D.—List 5

TestBenj TestBenj = Testament of Benjamin, s. Test12Patr—List 2

Theoph. Ant. Theoph. Ant. = Theophilus Antiochenus, II A.D.—List 5

pers. pers. = person(s)

cp. cp. = compare, freq. in ref. to citation fr. ancient texts

Hs Hs = Similitudes

cp. cp. = compare, freq. in ref. to citation fr. ancient texts

ITr ITr = Ignatius to the Trallians—List 1

GJs GJs = Gospel of James (Protevangelium Jacobi), II A.D.—List 1

Ps. Ps. = pseudo, pseudonymous

Demosth Demosth , IV B.C.—List 5

fr. fr. = from

pap pap = papyrus, -yri 

ins Ins, ins = Inscription, Inschrift, inscription(s). Without a period, esp. in lists, as at the beginning of entries; the capitalized form is used in titles. In conjunction with literary works this abbr. refers to the title or description of contents.

Dssm. Dssm. = ADeissmann, various works—List 6

BS BS , s. Dssm., BS—List 6

PGM PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae—List 4

PsSol PsSol = Psalms of Solomon—List 2

Jos. Jos. = Josephus. This abbr. used when follow by title; I A.D.—Lists 5

Ath. Ath. = Athenagoras, II A.D.—List 5

Orig Orig , var. works, II–III A.D.—List 5

Theod. Theod. = Theodotion, revision of Greek OT, II A.D.—List 2, beg.

1 Cl 1 Cl = 1 Clement—List 1

GJs GJs = Gospel of James (Protevangelium Jacobi), II A.D.—List 1

Hm Hm = Hermas, Mandates—List 1

pers. pers. = person(s)

Lucian Lucian , II A.D.—List 5

Simplicius Simplicius , VI A.D.—List 5

Epict Epict , various works, I–II A.D.—List 5

cp. cp. = compare, freq. in ref. to citation fr. ancient texts

Diog. L. Diog. L. = Diogenes Laertius, III A.D.—List 5

Diod S Diod S , I B.C.—List 5

Ath. Ath. = Athenagoras, II A.D.—List 5

B B = Barnabas (the Letter of), II A.D., except in series of uncial witnesses, in which case B refers to Codex Vaticanus (s. also Vat.). When the abbrv. B would ambiguous, Vat. is used for the codex.—List 1

1 Cl 1 Cl = 1 Clement—List 1

Hv Hv = Visions

Hs Hs = Similitudes

POslo POslo = Papyri Osloenses—List 4

1 Cl 1 Cl = 1 Clement—List 1

cp. cp. = compare, freq. in ref. to citation fr. ancient texts

Philo Philo = P. of Alexandria, I B.C.–I A.D.—List 5

Aeschyl Aeschyl , V B.C.—List 5

Plut Plut , I–II A.D.—List 5

SIG SIG = Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum3; superscript omitted in text—List 3

Philo Philo = P. of Alexandria, I B.C.–I A.D.—List 5

Jos. Jos. = Josephus. This abbr. used when follow by title; I A.D.—Lists 5

Just. Just(in) , II A.D.—List 5

B B = Barnabas (the Letter of), II A.D., except in series of uncial witnesses, in which case B refers to Codex Vaticanus (s. also Vat.). When the abbrv. B would ambiguous, Vat. is used for the codex.—List 1

Hm Hm = Hermas, Mandates—List 1

1 Cl 1 Cl = 1 Clement—List 1

Hs Hs = Similitudes

m m = Mandates

pert. pert. = pertaining (to)

Simplicius Simplicius , VI A.D.—List 5

Epict Epict , various works, I–II A.D.—List 5

D D = Didache, except that in a list of manuscripts or as textual variant D refers to Codex Bezae—List 1

ITr ITr = Ignatius to the Trallians—List 1

M-M M-M = JMoulton/GMilligan, Vocabulary of Greek Testament—Lists 4, 6

Pauly-W Pauly-W = AP./GW., Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft—List 6

Suppl. Suppl. = Supplement (to serials)

suppl. = supplement, supplied (in grammatical references)

DELG DELG = PChantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque—List 6

EDNT EDNT = Exegetical Dictionary of the NT—List 6

TW TW = Theologisches Wörterbuch zum NT; tr. GBromiley, Theological Dictionary of the NT—List 6

William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 489.

Greek Strong’s Number: 2513

Greek Word: καθαρός

Transliteration: katharos

Phonetic Pronunciation: kath-ar-os’

Root: of uncertain affinity

Cross Reference: TDNT - 3:413,381

Part of Speech: adj

Vine’s Words: Clean, Cleanness, Cleanse, Cleansing, Pure, Pureness, Purity

Usage Notes:

English Words used in KJV:

    pure 17

    clean 10

    clear 1

    [Total Count: 28]

of uncert. affin.; clean (literal or figurative):- clean, clear, pure.

TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament Greek

adj Adjective, Adjectively Hebrew

James Strong, “Καθαρός,” Strong’s Talking Greek and Hebrew Dictionary (WORDsearch, 2020).

CLEAN, CLEANNESS, CLEANSE, CLEANSING A. Adjective. katharos (καθαρός, 2513), “free from impure admixture, without blemish, spotless,” is used (a) physically, e.g., Matt. 23:26; 27:59; John 13:10 (where the Lord, speaking figuratively, teaches that one who has been entirely “cleansed,” needs not radical renewal, but only to be “cleansed” from every sin into which he may fall); 15:3; Heb. 10:22; Rev. 15:6; 19:8, 14; 21:18, 21; (b) in a Levitical sense, Rom. 14:20; Titus 1:15, “pure”; (c) ethically, with the significance free from corrupt desire, from guilt, Matt. 5:8; John 13:10–11; Acts 20:26; 1 Tim. 1:5; 3:9; 2 Tim. 1:3; 2:22; Titus 1:15; Jas. 1:27; blameless, innocent (a rare meaning for this word), Acts 18:6; (d) in a combined Levitical and ethical sense ceremonially, Luke 11:41, “all things are clean unto you.” See clear, C, Note (2), pure.¶ B. Verbs. 1. katharizo (καθαρίζω, 2511), akin to A, signifies (1) “to make clean, to cleanse” (a) from physical stains and dirt, as in the case of utensils, Matt. 23:25 (figuratively in verse 26); from disease, as of leprosy, Matt. 8:2; (b) in a moral sense, from the defilement of sin, Acts 15:9; 2 Cor. 7:1; Heb. 9:14; Jas. 4:8, “cleanse” from the guilt of sin, Eph. 5:26; 1 John 1:7; (2) “to pronounce clean in a Levitical sense,” Mark 7:19, rv; Acts 10:15; 11:9; “to consecrate by cleansings,” Heb. 9:22, 23; 10:2. See purge, purify. 2. diakatharizo (διακαθαρίζω, 1245), “to cleanse thoroughly,” is used in Matt. 3:12, rv.¶ Note: For kathairo, John 15:2, rv, see purge, No. 1. For diakathairo, Luke 3:17, rv, see purge, No. 3. C. Nouns. 1. katharismos (καθαρισμός, 2512), akin to A, denotes “cleansing,” (a) both the action and its results, in the Levitical sense, Mark 1:44; Luke 2:22, “purification”; 5:14, “cleansing”; John 2:6; 3:25, “purifying”; (b) in the moral sense, from sins, Heb. 1:3; 2 Pet. 1:9, rv, “cleansing. See purge, purification, purifylng.¶ 2. katharotes (καθαρότης, 2514), akin to B, “cleanness, purity,” is used in the Levitical sense in Heb. 9:13, rv, “cleanness.” See purify.¶ Note: In 2 Pet. 2:18, some inferior mss. have ontos, “certainly” (kjv, “clean”), for oligos, “scarcely” (rv, “just”).

W. E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, and William White Jr., Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words (Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1996), 103–104. https://app.logos.com/books/LLS%3A46.10.8/headwords/Clean?

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