Condemn, Be Condemned, as defined in Mounce

CONDEMN, BE CONDEMNED

Old Testament

Verb: אָשַׁם (ʾāšam), GK 870 (S 816), 35×. ʾāšam means “to be guilty, be condemned.” See (be) guilty.

New Testament

Verb: κατακρίνω (katakrinō), GK 2891 (S 2632), 18×. katakrinō means “to condemn, judge someone guilty.” It involves passing judgment or condemnation on someone (or something) because of a declaration of guilt.

In John’s gospel, Jesus asks the woman caught in adultery if anyone remains “to condemn” her, that is, to pronounce her guilty of violating the law; he then declares that he does not condemn her either (Jn 8:10–11). 

 Jesus himself knows that he will soon be condemned by the chief priests and scribes as a necessary part of his work as Redeemer (Mt 20:18; Mk 10:33). This becomes evident in Jesus’ trial, where the Sanhedrin condemns Jesus for blasphemy (Mk 14:64), an act of condemnation so manifestly unjust that it causes Judas to return the thirty pieces of silver for which he betrayed Jesus (Mt 27:3).

Christ tells the unrepentant Jews that the men of Nineveh and the Queen of Sheba will rise up in the judgment and “condemn” them because the Jews did not respond to the one greater than Jonah and Solomon (Mt 12:41–42; Lk 11:31–32). Most significantly, katakrinō is used of God’s condemnation of sin (Rom 8:3), the unbeliever (Mk 16:16), the world (1 Cor. 11:32; Heb 11:7), and Sodom (2 Pet. 2:6). A glorious element in the gospel is that no one can condemn believers who have been bought by Christ (Rom 8:34).

Condemnation can come from within as well as without, such as when a hypocrite condemns himself for judging another person, and when someone eats food because of a lack of faith (Rom 14:23). See NIDNTT-A, 318–19.*

GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbers (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

S Strong’s number (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbers (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

S Strong’s number (Greek in italics, Hebrew in roman)

NIDNTT-A New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology: Abridged Edition

William D. Mounce, Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006), 130–131.

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